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Alexander Mikhaylovich Zaytsev
Alexander Mikhaylovich Zaitsev ((ロシア語:Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович За́йцев)), also spelled as Saytzeff and Saytzev (2 July 1841 – 1 September 1910), was a Russian chemist from Kazan. He worked on organic compounds and proposed Zaitsev's rule, which predicts the product composition of an elimination reaction.
==Early years==
Zaitsev was the son of a tea and sugar merchant, who had decided that his son should follow him into the mercantile trades.〔Lewis, D.E. ("Aleksandr Mikhailovich Zaitsev: Markovnikov's Conservative Contemporary." ) ''Bull. Hist. Chem.'' 1995, ''17/18'', 21–30.〕〔(a) Lewis, D.E. ("The University of Kazan: Provincial Cradle of Russian Organic Chemistry. Part I: Nikolai Zinin and the Butlerov School." ) ''J. Chem. Educ.'' 1994, ''71'', 39–42 (b) Lewis, D.E. ("The University of Kazan: Provincial Cradle of Russian Organic Chemistry. Part II: Aleksandr Zaitsev and His Students." ) ''J. Chem. Educ.'' 1994, ''71'', 93–95 .〕 However, at the urging of his maternal uncle, the physicist Lyapunov, Zaitsev was allowed to enroll at University of Kazan to study economics. At this time, Russia was experimenting with the cameral system, meaning that every student graduating in law and economics from a Russian university had to take two years of chemistry. Zaitsev was thus introduced to Aleksandr Mikhailovich Butlerov.
Early on, Zaitsev began working with Butlerov, who clearly saw in him an excellent laboratory chemist, and whose later actions showed that he felt that Zaitsev was an asset to Russian organic chemistry. On the death of his father, Zaitsev took his ''diplom'' in 1862, and immediately went to western Europe to further his chemical studies, studying with Hermann Kolbe at Marburg, and with Charles Adolphe Wurtz in Paris. This went directly against the accepted norms of the day, which had the student complete the ''kandidat'' degree (approximately equivalent to today's doctor of philosophy's degree), and then spend two or three years in study abroad (a ''komandirovka'') before returning to Russia as a salaried laboratory assistant studying for the doctorate.
Between 1862 and 1864, he studied with Kolbe at Marburg, and here Zaitsev discovered the sulfoxides and trialkylsulfonium salts. In 1864, he moved to Paris, where he worked for a year in the laboratories of Wurtz before returning to Marburg in 1865. At this time, Kolbe accepted the call to Leipzig, and Zaitsev, now out of money, returned to Russia. On his return, Zaitsev again joined Butlerov as an unpaid assistant. During this time, he wrote a successful ''kandidat'' dissertation.
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